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Protection Starts Here

Protection orders can be a helpful tool to prevent future harm when someone may be experiencing abuse, assault, stalking, harassment or other forms of harm. This website includes information about civil protection orders in Washington state. It has been tailored to meet a wide range of needs, with the goal of making the process easier to understand.

Domestic Violence Protection Order

Purpose and qualifying abuse:

  • A Domestic Violence Protection Order (DVPO) is a court order that can prohibit contact or other specific behaviors, such as abuse, threats, stalking or harm, committed by current or former intimate partners, family members, or household members.
  • Abuse includes: physical harm, threats of harm, unlawful harassment, nonconsensual sexual acts, stalking, and coercively controlling behaviors.
    • This includes threats or abusive behaviors that occur online.
  • A single incident may qualify someone to file for a DVPO. Please keep in mind that courts will need enough details to thoroughly evaluate the facts of the case to determine if the legal threshold to issue an order has been met.

What can a DVPO do?

  • Prohibit acts of domestic violence
  • Exclude the restrained party, and/or prohibit them from knowingly coming within a specific distance, from petitioner’s work place, school, residence, petitioner’s person, etc.
  • Prohibit contact, including cyber harassment
  • Order the temporary removal of firearms, dangerous weapons, and any concealed pistol license(s)
  • Remove the restrained person from shared residence
  • Protection for minor children, including temporary custody and visitation schedule, as appropriate. (Note:  This is not a formal custody order or parenting plan)
  • Grant essential possessions (examples: use of vehicle, medicine, tools of the trade, pets)
  • Order restrained person to engage in treatment or counseling, as appropriate
  • Other relief

Criteria:

A DVPO may be filed by a family or household member. Petitioners must be one of the following:

  • Current or former spouses or domestic partners
  • Current or former dating relationship
  • Parents of a child in common (unless child was conceived through sexual assault)
  • Current or former cohabitants as intimate partners
  • Related by blood, marriage, domestic partnership, or adoption
  • People who live or lived together as roommates
  • People with a parent-child relationship, including stepparents and stepchildren, grandparents and grandchildren, or a parent’s intimate partner and children

Sexual Assault Protection Order

Purpose and qualifying abuse:

  • A Sexual Assault Protection Order (SAPO) is a court order that can prohibit contact and specific behaviors from someone who has engaged in any nonconsensual sexual acts and/or penetration.
  • A single incident may qualify someone to file for a SAPO. Please keep in mind that courts will need enough details to thoroughly evaluate the facts of the case to determine if the legal threshold to issue an order has been met.

What can a SAPO do?

  • Prohibit acts of nonconsensual sexual conduct and other forms of abuse or harm
  • Exclude the restrained party, and/or prohibit them from knowingly coming within a specific distance, from petitioner’s workplace, school, residence, petitioner’s person, etc.
  • Prohibit contact, including cyber harassment
  • Order the temporary removal of firearms, dangerous weapons, and any concealed pistol license(s)
  • Protection for minor children.
  • Grant essential possessions (examples: use of vehicle, medicine, tools of the trade, pets)
  • Order restrained person to engage in treatment or counseling, as appropriate
  • Other relief

Criteria:

Though it is an option, this order is not intended for petitioners who have a current or former intimate partner, family or household member relationship with the person you are filing against.

No relationship is required to file an SAPO, however there are certain restrictions. Petitioners must be one of the following:

  • A person age 15 or older filing on behalf of themselves or a minor if they are the parent, guardian, or custodian
  • A person age 15 to 17 filing on behalf of themselves and on behalf of a minor who is a family or household member if chosen to do so by the minor
  • An interested person on behalf of a vulnerable adult
  • An interested person on behalf of an adult who does not qualify as a vulnerable adult, but who cannot file for themselves. Must demonstrate the petitioner is interested in the adult’s wellbeing and the court’s intervention is necessary

Stalking Protection Order

Purpose and qualifying abuse:

Purpose and qualifying abuse:

  • A Stalking Protection Order (SPO) is a court order that can be filed against someone who is engaging in criminal stalking behavior or cyber harassment.
  • Stalking includes repeated attempts to contact, monitor, and/or track or follow someone’s whereabouts, where those behaviors scare or threaten that individual’s safety.
    • This includes threats or abusive behaviors that occur online.

What can a Stalking Protection Order do?

  • Prohibit contact of any kind, including cyber harassment
  • Exclude the restrained party, and/or prohibit them from knowingly coming within a specific distance, from petitioner’s work place, school, residence, petitioner’s person, etc.
  • Order the temporary removal of firearms, dangerous weapons, and any concealed pistol license(s)
  • Other relief

Criteria:

Though it is an option, this order is not intended for petitioners who have a current or former intimate partner, family or household member relationship with the person you are filing against.

No relationship is required to file an SPO, however there are certain restrictions. Petitioners must be one of the following:

  • A person age 15 or older filing on behalf of themselves or a minor if they are the parent, guardian, or custodian  
  • A person age 15 to 17 filing on behalf of themselves and on behalf of a minor who is a family or household member if chosen to do so by the minor 
  • An interested person on behalf of a vulnerable adult 
  • An interested person on behalf of an adult who does not qualify as a vulnerable adult but who cannot file for themselves. Must demonstrate the petitioner is interested in the adult’s wellbeing and the court’s intervention is necessary

Vulnerable Adult Protection Order

Purpose and qualifying abuse:

  • A Vulnerable Adult Protection Orders (VAPO) is a court order that can prohibit contact and other specific behaviors from someone who has engaged in abandonment, abuse, financial exploitation, neglect or threats thereof, against a vulnerable adult. It’s important to note that vulnerable adult is a legal determination; see the criteria section for specific definitions.
  • A single incident qualifies someone to file for a VAPO. Please keep in mind that courts will need enough details to thoroughly evaluate the facts of the case to determine if the legal threshold to issue an order has been met.

What can a VAPO do?

  • Prohibit contact of any kind, and be tailored to individual needs.
  • Exclude the restrained party, and/or prohibit them from knowingly coming within a specific distance, from petitioner’s workplace, school, residence, petitioner’s person, etc.
  • Order the temporary removal of firearms, dangerous weapons, and any concealed pistol license(s)
  • Require the respondent to give an accounting of the vulnerable adult’s income or other resources, if the respondent had control of the vulnerable adult’s assets
  • Other relief

Criteria:

A vulnerable adult is:

  • Someone over 60 years old without functional, mental, or physical ability to care for themself 
  • Someone 18 years or older who is incapacitated and has a development disability, is living in a licensed facility, or has at home care

To file a VAPO petitioners must be one of the following:

  • The vulnerable adult, or interested person on behalf of a vulnerable adult
  • Guardian, conservator or limited guardian or conservator of the vulnerable adult
  • An interested person on behalf of the vulnerable adult 
  • Someone working for Washington State Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS) with consent from the vulnerable adult, unless consent cannot be given due to the vulnerable adult’s disability or lack of capacity

Anti-Harassment Protection Order

Purpose and qualifying abuse:

  • An Anti-Harassment Protection Order (AHPO) is a court order that can prohibit contact and specific behaviors by someone whose behavior alarms, annoys or harasses that serve no legitimate purpose.
  • These orders may include the threat of violence, an act of violence or repeated harassment.
    • This includes threats or abusive behaviors that occur online.
  • Either a single incident or a course of conduct must be demonstrated to qualify someone to file for an AHPO.  Please keep in mind that courts will need enough details to thoroughly evaluate the facts of the case to determine if the legal threshold to issue an order has been met.

What can an AHPO do?

  • Exclude the restrained party, and/or prohibit them from knowingly coming within a specific distance, from petitioner’s workplace, school, residence, petitioner’s person, etc.
  • Prohibit contact, including cyber harassment
  • Order the temporary removal of firearms, dangerous weapons, and any concealed pistol license(s)
  • Grant essential possessions (examples: use of vehicle, medicine, tools of the trade, pets)
  • Order restrained person to engage in treatment or counseling, as appropriate
  • Other relief

Criteria:

Though it is an option, this order is not intended for petitioners who have a current or former intimate partner, family or household member relationship with the person you are filing against.

No relationship is required to file an AHPO, however there are certain restrictions. Petitioners must be one of the following:

  • A person age 15 or older filing on behalf of themselves or a minor if they are the parent, guardian, or custodian  
  • A person age 15 to 17 filing on behalf of themselves and on behalf of a minor who is a family or household member if chosen to do so by the minor 
  • An interested person on behalf of a vulnerable adult 
  • An interested person on behalf of an adult who does not qualify as a vulnerable adult but who cannot file for themselves. Must demonstrate the petitioner is interested in the adult’s wellbeing and the court’s intervention is necessary

Extreme Risk Protection Order

Purpose and qualifying abuse:

  • An Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) is a court order that orders the temporary removal and prohibition of firearms and concealed pistol licenses if the court makes a finding that the individual is an imminent risk of danger to themselves or others. Family, household members, or law enforcement may petition the court for an ERPO when there is demonstrated evidence that the person poses a significant danger.
  • A person who is subject to an ERPO cannot purchase, receive, control, possess of access firearms while the order is in place.
  • A single incident qualifies someone to file for an ERPO. Please keep in mind that courts will need enough details to thoroughly evaluate the facts of the case to determine if the legal threshold to issue an order has been met.

What can an ERPO do?

  • Order the temporary removal of firearms and any concealed pistol license
  • Temporarily prohibit the purchase and possession of firearms

Criteria:

To file for an ERPO, petitioners must be 18+ and connected to the respondent in one of the following ways:

  • Current or former spouses or domestic partners
  • Current or former dating relationship
  • Parents of a child in common
  • Current or former cohabitants as intimate partners
  • Related by blood, marriage, domestic partnership, or adoption
  • People who live or lived together as roommates
  • A biological or legal parent or child of the respondent, including stepparents and stepchildren, and grandparents and grandchildren
  • Law enforcement officers or agencies

Get Started

Looking to get help with a protection order but not sure where to start? Below are some ways to get started exploring content on the website.

Victims & Survivors

If you have experienced harm, threats of harm, or other types of abuse, this page will help guide you through the process of filing for a PO, including important safety planning tips.

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Advocates

Advocates or support people may include friends, family members, designated community supports, community or system-based advocates, and other service providers. This page will provide you with information and resources to help support victims and survivors through the protection order process.

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Law Enforcement

Law Enforcement plays an important role in entering, serving and enforcing protection orders issued by the court.  This page includes important information about law enforcement’s role in the process, how to help victims and survivors and useful resources and referrals.

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Respondents

For people who have been served with or are restrained by a civil protection order. This page will help you better understand the protection order process.

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General

For the general public, media, court and legal professionals, or other interested parties, this page will provide general information and data about protection orders.

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Filing a Protection Order

Whether you are considering if you should file for a protection or have made the decision to file, there are several things to keep in mind. Learn more about safety planning, the filing process, and what to expect.

Learn more

Protection Orders and Firearm Removal

Washington state law allows courts to order the temporary removal of firearms, and establish firearm prohibitions for the restrained party, when entering a protection order. Petitioners can formally request the removal of firearms in their protection order petition or a judge can order the removal of firearms if they believe the restrained person’s access to or ownership of firearms poses an immediate threat to public safety, to an individual or if other conditions are met.

What is the process for requesting firearm removal?

  • When filling out the Petition for Protection Order, indicate in “Section 12” and/or ‘Section O’, your request for surrender/prohibition of weapons.
  • When attending ex parte court (a temporary hearing process used for emergency matters), the judge can order the temporary removal of firearms and a prohibition from firearms, if they believe the restrained person’s guns pose an immediate threat to public safety or an individual.
  • At the full court hearing, the judge can issue an Order to Surrender & Prohibit Weapons (OTSW). After an OTSW is issued, the respondent may not possess, control, access, purchase or receive firearms for the duration of the order and must immediately turn in any and all firearms (or any other dangerous weapons) and concealed pistol licenses to the police. Law enforcement will hold and properly store the items while the order is in place.

What is the process for physical removal of firearms?

  • When an OTSW is issued, respondents must immediately surrender all firearms and dangerous weapons to the law enforcement officer serving the protection order.
  • At the time of surrender, a law enforcement officer taking possession of firearms, dangerous weapons, and any concealed pistol license shall issue a receipt identifying everything that was surrendered and provide a copy of the receipt to the respondent.
  • The law enforcement agency shall file the original receipt with the court within 24 hours after service of the order and retain a copy of the receipt, electronically whenever electronic filing is available.

Resources

Emergencies

If you are in immediate danger or experiencing a life threatening emergency: Call 911

If you are thinking about suicide, have thought about suicide before, or are concerned someone you know might be thinking about suicide, know that help is available.

Suicide & Crisis Lifeline

If you or someone you know is experiencing thoughts of suicide, 988 can support you in your immediate crisis, and connect you with follow-up resources. Open 24/7, available in English and Spanish.

Call or Text 988 for the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline

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SAMHSA’s National Helpline

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHHSA) provides help for mental and substance use disorders, prevention, and recovery. This is a free, 24-hour, confidential treatment referral and information service. (English & Spanish)

Call 1-800-662-HELP (4357) or TTY 1-800-487-4889

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Washington State Department of Health – Suicide Prevention

The Department of Health does not provide crisis services, but has a list of resources, ways to find therapists, and advice from suicide attempt survivors.

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National Domestic Violence Help Line

24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, the National Domestic Violence Hotline provides advocates who can help navigate abuse.

Call: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233)
or visit their website to chat with an advocate.

Visit website

Strong Hearts Native Help Line

StrongHearts Native Helpline is a 24/7 safe, confidential and anonymous domestic and sexual violence helpline for Native Americans and Alaska Natives.

Call 1-844-7NATIVE (762-8483)

or visit the website to chat with an advocate.

Visit website

National Sexual Assault Help Line

RAINN is the nation’s largest anti-sexual violence organization. RAINN created and operates the National Sexual Assault Hotline which offers confidential support 24/7.

Call 1-800-656-HOPE (4673)

or visit the website to chat with an advocate.

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New Beginning’s Domestic Violence Helpline

The DV Hopeline is a free, safe and confidential domestic violence helpline for any person, from any community, of any age or gender. Available 24/7, speak with a trained advocated can help with emotional support, safety planning and more. The DV Hopeline also offers resources for housing and shelter needs.

Call 1-206-737-0242

or visit their website to learn more.

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New Hope Helpline

Available for victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, and victims of crime 24/7.

Call 1-888-560-6027

or visit their website to learn more.

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Washington State 211

211 has a search feature where you can put in your zip code and needs and find specific housing and shelter resources that an individual qualifies for. It’s extensive and typically up to date, and has resources for both DV survivors and the general public.

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Washington State Coalition Against Domestic Violence (WSCADV) Programs

WSCADV provides a list of advocacy programs, helplines, and resources available in Washington state, filtered by county.

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National Domestic Violence Hotline Local Resources

Search the directory of assistance providers by state with filters for types of services, specific providers, special populations, etc.

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Washington State Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS)

The DSHS Domestic Violence Program provides support for community-based shelters, emergency counseling and legal advocacy for children and families who have experienced domestic violence.

DSHS also sets minimum standards for domestic violence perpetrator programs and certifies provider programs.

Visit website

Washington Coalition of Sexual Assault Programs (WSCAP)

If you or someone you know is the victim of sexual assault in Washington state, use this Program Directory to help you to locate resources and support.

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Domestic Violence Programs | Washington Information and Referral

If you or someone you know is the victim of domestic violence in Washington state, use this Program Directory to help you to locate resources and support.

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Create a Personal Safety Plan

A safety plan is a set of actions that can help lower your risk of harm in a domestic violence situation. The National Domestic Violence Hotline has an interactive tool to help you develop a safety plan.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the different types of protection orders?

There are six types of civil protection orders available in Washington State that may be appropriate depending on the type of harm experienced and the relationship between the petitioner and respondent.

  1. Domestic Violence Protection Order
  2. Sexual Assault Protection Order
  3. Stalking Protection Order
  4. Anti-Harassment Protection Order
  5. Vulnerable Adult Protection Order
  6. Extreme Risk Protection Order

For more information, visit our protection order page.

Will I be able to include my children on the protection order?

Petitioners can ask the court to include their children as protected parties on the order.  In cases where the children are in common with the restrained person, the court can include provisions to protect children and may include temporary custody or visitation considerations but a protection order is not a formal “child custody order” or parenting plan.  For more information, visit our FAQs or talk to a lawyer or advocate.

Can I file a protection order if I am an undocumented immigrant?

Yes, but you may want to talk with an advocate or attorney before filing, if possible, so you can make an informed decision about whether to file or not. The Federal Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) provides “that all battered immigrant women have full access to protection orders, can report domestic violence crimes, and can have their abusers prosecuted in the same matter as any other battered woman even if they do not have legal immigration status. Speak with a lawyer for more information.

What is an Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO)?

An Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) is a court order that temporarily removes and prohibits access to firearms, if a court finds, based on a formal petition from law enforcement or a family/household member, that a person poses a significant danger to themselves or others.

Visit our ERPOs page to learn more.

How do I file a protection order?

Petitioners (person filing the order) must complete the required forms and submit them to the court.  If a judicial officer reviews the petition and finds that the legal criteria has been met, a temporary order (up to 14 days) can be issued.  A full hearing, where the petitioner can seek a longer order (often 1 year) is typically scheduled within 14 days of the petition being filed.  Visit our filing page for more information about the filing process.

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